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''Trichinella britovi'' is a nematode parasite responsible for a zoonotic disease called trichinellosis. Currently, eight species of ''Trichinella'' are known,〔Mowlavi, G., Marucci, G., Mobedi, I., Zahabiioon, F., Mirjalali, H., Pozio, E., ''Trichinella britovi'' in a leopard (''Panthera pardus saxicolor'') in Iran. Veterinary Parasitology. 2009. 164:350–352〕 only three of which cause trichinellosis, and ''Trichinella britovi'' is one of them.〔Gari-Toussaint, M., Tieulié, N., Baldin, J.L, Dupouy-Camet, J., Delaunay, P., Fuzibet, J.G., , Fichoux, Y. L., Pozio, E., Marty, P. Human trichinellosis due to ''Trichinella britovi'' in Southern France after consumption of wild boar meat. Eurosurveillance. 2005; 10(6): 117–118〕 Numerous mammal species, as well as birds and crocodiles,〔〔 can harbor the parasite worldwide, but the sylvatic cycle is mainly maintained by wild carnivores.〔 Humans represent only a possible host and the parasite is exclusively transmitted through consumption of raw or rare meat.〔 In Europe, pork, wild boar meat, and horse meat are the main sources for human infection.〔 Because of mandatory veterinary controls in slaughterhouses, large trichinellosis outbreaks due to horse meat consumption are rare, but cases in hunters and their families after raw or rare wild boar meat consumption are regularly reported, with over 100 cases since 1975.〔Dupoy-Camet J. Ancelle T. Zoonoses parasitaires transmises par la chair animale en France. La Lettre de l'Infectiologue. 2002; XVII (5): 143–148〕 ''T. britovi'' in wild boar is relatively resistant to freezing. It was observed in France that meat from naturally infected wild boar meat frozen for three weeks at remained infectious, whereas the parasites were not viable after four weeks.〔Pozio E. La Rosa G, Mignone W. Amati M, Ercolini C. Sopravvivenza delle larve muscolari di ''Trichinella britovi'' nei muscoli congelati di cinghiale. Archivo veterinario italiano. 1992: 43 (2): 57–60〕 In the 1960s, "trichinella infection" was documented in Senegal, West Africa. A survey of 160 wild animals from that region produced plausible evidence that European strains may have originated in Africa. It has also been proposed that strains of ''T. britovi'' are isolated to both African and European populations. ==Prevention== To prevent trichinellosis, an official European directive〔Council Directive 77/96/EEC of 21 December 1976 on the examination for trichinae (''Trichinella spiralis'') upon importation from third countries of fresh meat derived from domestic swine. O.J. No L26 of 31.1.1977, p. 67.〕 recommends the freezing of meat at for at least 10 days for pieces of meat less than in thickness. Patients froze wild boar steaks at for seven days, but this freezing time appears insufficient to kill larvae, since ''T. britovi'' is a species relatively resistant to freezing.〔Pozio E, Zarlenga DS. Recent advances on the taxonomy, systematics and epidemiology of Trichinella. International Journal for Parasitology. In Press.〕 Thus according to the International Commission on Trichinellosis, meat should be heated at for at least 1 minute to kill ''Trichinella'' larvae; larvae die when the color of the meat at the core changes from pink to brown.〔Gamble HR, Bessonov AS, Cuperlovic, K, Gajadhar AA, van Knapen F, Noeckler, K, Schenone H, Zhu, X. International Commission on Trichinellosis: recommendations on methods for the control of ''Trichinella'' in domestic and wild animals intended for human consumption. Veterinary Parasitology 1 December 2000; 93(3–4):393–408.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Trichinella britovi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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